Magnetic bearing: structure, model, and control strategy

Bearings are pivotal components in mechanical systems, providing crucial support to rotating bodies. However, traditional bearings are susceptible to failure caused by friction and wear. This vulnerability is particularly pronounced in scenarios involving ultrahigh speeds and extreme conditions, necessitating the minimization of bearing losses and the enhancement of performance. Magnetic bearings, distinguished by their frictionless operation, absence of lubrication requirements, and high-speed capabilities, offer a promising solution to mitigate bearing failure attributable to friction. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of magnetic bearings, encompassing their structural attributes, modeling mechanisms, and control strategies, is currently lacking in the literature. This paper aims to address this gap by conducting an exhaustive literature review on magnetic bearings. The objective is to provide scientists with a profound understanding of the structural characteristics, operational mechanisms, control performance, and future development trajectories of this technology. The paper begins by categorizing various magnetic bearings and conducting an in-depth analysis of their properties and characteristics, focusing on their magnetic circuit structures. Subsequently, it delves into the working principles and performance of mathematical models for magnetic bearings with different configurations, outlining the modeling procedures and optimization approaches. Additionally, the paper highlights the impact of control strategies on the performance of magnetic bearings. Modern control theory has demonstrated a remarkable 50% improvement in position accuracy and adjustment time compared to traditional PID control. Finally, the paper offers a glimpse into the future of magnetic bearing design, modeling mechanisms, and control strategies, presenting prospective directions for further advancements in this field.

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Progress in Calibrating Active Magnetic Bearings with Numerical and Experimental Approaches

Chapter © 2019

Design and speed control of U-type 3-coil active magnetic bearing

Article 29 April 2023

Design of Hybrid Bearings and Its Development: A Review

Chapter © 2021

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Code availability is not applicable to this article.

Abbreviations

Active magnetic bearing

Passive magnetic bearing

Hybrid magnetic bearing

Degrees of freedom

Equivalent magnetic circuit method

Monte Carlo method

Active magnetic bearing high-speed flywheel rotor system

Cuckoo search algorithm

Grasshopper optimization algorithm

Artificial bee colony algorithm

Extended state observer

Linear parameter-varying model predictive control

Integration time times absolute error

Integration time times squared error

Moth flame optimization

Radial basis function network

Terminal sliding mode control

Fast terminal sliding mode control

Nonsingular terminal sliding mode control method

Nonsingular terminal sliding mode control

Nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control strategy

Adaptive second-order nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control

Active disturbance rejection control

Linear active disturbance rejection controller

Linear active disturbance rejection controller

Offset-free model predictive control

Finite element calculation

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program, China (2020YFB2010500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52105457,51975305), the Special Fund of Taishan Scholars Project (tsqn202211179), the Youth Talent Promotion Project in Shandong (SDAST2021qt12), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QE057, ZR2022QE028, ZR2021QE116, and ZR2020KE027).